In most situations, adults must agree to enter addiction treatment voluntarily. However, many states have civil commitment or involuntary treatment laws that allow family members, healthcare providers, or others to petition a court to order substance use treatment in specific circumstances.(Source)

These laws and processes vary widely by state, but they generally require proof that your loved one:

• Has a substance use disorder that significantly impairs their functioning, and
• Poses a serious risk of harm to themselves or others, or
• Is unable to provide for basic needs such as food, clothing, or shelter because of their substance use.(Source)

Even when the legal criteria are met, involuntary treatment is a serious step. Research suggests that people who enter treatment voluntarily are more likely to stay engaged and have better long‑term outcomes than those who are coerced or mandated, although some individuals do benefit from court‑ordered care.(Source)

Before pursuing legal action, it is important to:

• Talk with an addiction professional or attorney in your state about the specific laws and options.
• Consider how a court order may affect your loved one’s trust, motivation, and willingness to continue treatment.
• Explore all reasonable voluntary options first, including family interventions, medical evaluations, and supportive boundaries.

In many cases, focusing on compassionate, consistent encouragement and clear boundaries is more effective—and less damaging to relationships—than trying to force treatment.