Drug addiction, also called a substance use disorder (SUD), is a medical condition in which a person continues to use alcohol or other drugs despite harmful consequences to their health, relationships, work, or safety.(Source) Over time, repeated drug use changes the brain’s reward, motivation, and self-control systems, making it very difficult to simply “choose” to stop without support.(Source)

Addiction is not a moral failing or lack of willpower. It is a chronic disease that often involves cycles of relapse and remission, similar to other long-term conditions like diabetes or heart disease.(Source) With the right treatment and ongoing support, people can and do recover.

Drug addiction can involve:

• Illicit drugs (such as heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine, or MDMA)
• Misuse of prescription medications (such as opioid painkillers, benzodiazepines, or stimulants)
• Legal substances used in harmful ways (such as alcohol, marijuana in some states, or nicotine products)

Recognizing addiction early and seeking professional help can reduce long-term health risks and improve the chances of a successful recovery.