Benzodiazepines (often called “benzos”) are prescription medications used to treat conditions such as anxiety disorders, panic attacks, insomnia, seizures, and muscle spasms.(Source) They are also sometimes used for alcohol withdrawal and as pre‑surgery sedatives.(Source)

Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effect of gamma‑aminobutyric acid (GABA), a calming neurotransmitter in the brain that slows down nervous system activity.(Source) This produces a tranquilizing effect, helping reduce anxiety, promote sleep, and relax muscles.

Common benzodiazepines include:

• Alprazolam (Xanax)
• Clonazepam (Klonopin)
• Diazepam (Valium)
• Lorazepam (Ativan)
• Temazepam (Restoril)
• Triazolam (Halcion)
• Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

When used short‑term and exactly as prescribed, benzodiazepines can be effective and relatively safe for many people.(Source) However, long‑term or high‑dose use can lead to tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction, and stopping suddenly can trigger serious withdrawal symptoms.(Source)